Historical Figures — Numbers That Shaped History

The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, whose diplomatic alliances with Julius Caes...

Roman general and statesman who expanded the Republic through military conquest, reformed Roman soci...

Created one of the largest empires in ancient history by age 30, stretching from Greece to northwest...

Founded and ruled the largest contiguous land empire in history, unifying Mongol tribes and conqueri...

The ultimate Renaissance man — painter of the Mona Lisa, inventor of flying machines, anatomist, eng...

Renaissance genius whose Sistine Chapel ceiling, David sculpture and St. Peter's Basilica dome rank ...

The greatest writer in the English language — 37 plays and 154 sonnets that explore the full depth o...

Father of modern observational astronomy and modern physics — his support of heliocentrism brought h...

Mathematician and physicist who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, and co-deve...

Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and first President of the United States — the Founding F...

Founding Father, inventor of the lightning rod, diplomat and writer — arguably the most multifaceted...

Emperor of France who reshaped Europe through military conquest and legal reform. The Napoleonic Cod...

Principal author of the Declaration of Independence and third President of the United States — archi...

Naturalist whose theory of evolution by natural selection, published in On the Origin of Species in ...

16th President of the United States who preserved the Union through the Civil War and issued the Ema...

Reigned for 63 years over the British Empire at its peak — the Victorian era bearing her name define...

Founder of modern nursing who transformed hospital care during the Crimean War using rigorous data a...

Theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, fundamentally transforming our underst...

Visionary inventor whose alternating current electrical system powers the modern world. Tesla held o...

Pioneer of research on radioactivity, first woman to win a Nobel Prize, and still the only person to...

Leader of Indian independence movement who pioneered the philosophy of non-violent resistance — an a...

Prime Minister who led Britain through its darkest hours in World War II with extraordinary oratory,...

Anti-apartheid revolutionary who spent 27 years in prison before becoming South Africa's first democ...

Baptist minister and civil rights leader whose powerful oratory and non-violent approach drove landm...

A peasant girl who claimed divine guidance and led the French army to crucial victories in the Hundr...